The hierarchical, cached, globally-distributed naming system that turns human-readable hostnames into IP addresses, mail routes, service endpoints, and trust anchors.
Script every aspect of macOS network configuration — Wi-Fi joining, DNS servers, proxies, locations, and service order — from a single first-party command-line tool.
Display the DNS hostname of the local Windows machine from the command prompt — useful in scripts to identify the machine without parsing systeminfo output.
Display and manage TCP/IP network configuration for all adapters on a Windows machine — covers full adapter details, DNS cache operations, and DHCP lease management.
Display active TCP/UDP connections, listening ports, routing tables, interface statistics, and per-connection process IDs from the Windows command prompt.
Query DNS servers for A, AAAA, MX, TXT, NS, PTR, and other resource records from the Windows command prompt — the built-in tool for diagnosing name resolution issues.
Send ICMP echo requests to a host to test reachability, measure round-trip latency, and detect packet loss from the Windows command prompt.
Execute PowerShell against one or many remote hosts using WinRM or SSH transport, persistent sessions, credential management, and JEA.
Display, add, delete, and modify entries in the Windows IP routing table — control how packets are forwarded between subnets, add persistent static routes, and diagnose routing failures.
Connect to remote hosts, transfer files, and forward ports over an encrypted channel using the OpenSSH client built into Windows 10 and later.
Trace the sequence of routers between your machine and a destination by sending probes with increasing TTL values — the go-to tool for locating where a network path breaks or introduces high latency.
Running Linux tools from Windows and vice versa, file system access, and networking between WSL and Windows.
FTP from TSO, batch FTP via JCL, SITE parameters, transfer modes, FTPS, FTP.DATA configuration, and JES spool transfers.
Drive the z/OS Communications Server TCP/IP stack — NETSTAT variants, PING, TRACERTE, RESOLVE, PROFILE.TCPIP configuration, OMPROUTE, and SSH from z/OS UNIX, with end-to-end troubleshooting recipes.
Fast, multi-protocol download utility supporting HTTP(S), FTP, SFTP, BitTorrent, and Metalink with resumption and parallel connections.
Transfer data with URLs. Covers HTTP methods, headers, authentication, forms, TLS, cookies, proxies, timeouts, parallel downloads, and a comprehensive recipe collection.
Query DNS records of any type from any resolver — A, AAAA, MX, TXT, NS, SOA, SRV, CAA — with formatted output, reverse lookups, and full delegation tracing.
Modern replacement for ifconfig, route, and arp. Inspect and configure interfaces, addresses, routes, neighbour tables, and network namespaces with the iproute2 ip command.
Diagnose what's holding a port, which files a process has open, and the state of every TCP/UDP socket using lsof and the modern iproute2 ss utility.
Inspect running processes (ps), list network connections and listening ports (ss / netstat). Covers output formats, filtering, process trees, and socket state analysis.
Copy and synchronise files locally or over SSH using a delta-transfer algorithm that only sends changed parts. Covers archive mode, deletion, filtering, progress, and snapshot backups.
Local, remote, and dynamic SSH tunnels — port forwarding, SOCKS proxies, jump hosts, ssh_config directives, agent forwarding, autossh persistence, post-quantum key exchange, and operational recipes.
Non-interactive network downloader. Covers single and batch downloads, recursive mirroring, authentication, resuming, rate limiting, and site archiving.
How packets actually move: the OSI and TCP/IP layer models, the BSD socket API, TCP vs UDP, the three-way handshake, MTU/MSS, NAT and port translation, basic IP routing, and the full DNS resolution flow.
Make sync and async HTTP requests with httpx. Covers GET/POST, async usage, HTTP/2, streaming, and how it compares to requests.
Make HTTP requests in Python with the requests library. Covers GET/POST, JSON, sessions, authentication, retries, and common pitfalls.
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